If you’re a beneficiary of Supplemental Security Income (SSI) and you also have a job or other income stream, is it possible that what you earn could affect the SSI benefits that you receive? The answer is yes.
If you earn too much money or have too much in assets, you could see your SSI benefits reduced or even revoked altogether. There are ways to work around the asset and income limits, however, through the use of ABLE accounts.
Key Takeaways
- SSI beneficiaries are subject to limits on how much monthly income they can earn and how much they have in “countable resources” (commonly known as assets).
- For beneficiaries who earn more than the income limit or who breach the resource limit, SSI benefits can be reduced or revoked altogether.
- Individuals cannot earn more than $1,913 per month or own more than $2,000 worth of assets to qualify.
- Beneficiaries can use ABLE accounts to help find a way to work around the income and asset limits, potentially preserving their SSI benefits.
Who Is Eligible for SSI?
People who receive SSI benefits are generally older or have a disability that prevents them from working. Beneficiaries receive funds from the government to help them pay for their basic living expenses, such as food, clothing, and shelter.
“It’s a needs-based system,” says Mary Anne Ehlert, a certified financial planner and founder of Protected Tomorrows, a financial planning firm focused on helping families with members who have special needs.
“SSI benefits are for someone who doesn’t have income, hasn’t paid into the system (which differentiates SSI from Social Security benefits), and who needs help.”
The program is income and asset-based. “You need to prove you can’t make money and have no assets,” Ehlert notes.
Income and Asset Limits for SSI Benefits
There is both an income and asset limit that beneficiaries cannot breach to get or retain their SSI benefits.
The latest SSI earned income data show that for 2023, an individual beneficiary cannot earn more than $1,913 per month. For couples, that figure is $2,827 per month. In addition, the limit on assets in 2023 and 2024 is $2,000 for individuals and $3,000 for couple.
“SSI beneficiaries technically cannot be gainfully employed,” says Cynthia Haddad, co-founder of Special Needs Financial Planning, a specialty practice of Affinia Financial Group.
Haddad says that beneficiaries also must prove that “approval is based on your ability to work,” and that the Social Security Administration will look at whether or not you’re able to work in addition to whether a beneficiary qualifies for SSI based on their income and assets.
SSI income limits change every year with cost-of-living adjustments (COLA). In 2023, SSI and Social Security benefits increased by 8.7%, affecting approximately 7 million SSI beneficiaries. In 2024, the COLA increase will be 3.2%
Further SSI Income and Asset Limit Considerations
Individuals can receive a maximum monthly federal SSI payment of $914 in 2023, or $1,371 for a couple. In 2024, these figures will be $943 and $1,415, respectively.
Income Limit
Again, the 2023 earned income limit for an individual is $1,913, or $2,827 for a couple. Those numbers change annually, too.
Given that SSI benefits are meant for those who can’t work due to a disability, Ehlert says that “if you can make more than [the income limit], the SSA takes that as a signal that you’re not disabled.”
As for the asset limit, there are some notable exceptions to what’s included in the SSA “countable resources”—another word for assets. And again, total countable resources cannot amount to more than $2,000 for an individual or $3,000 for a couple in 2023 and 2024.
That includes cash in bank accounts, investments, and even life insurance policies. However, it doesn’t include the following:
- Your home and its property
- One vehicle, if it’s used for transportation
- Household goods and personal belongings
- Burial plots and burial funds up to a certain limit
- Up to $100,000 in an Achieving a Better Life Experience (ABLE) account
What Happens if You’re Over the Limit?
The SSA will calculate a beneficiary’s countable income when determining eligibility for, or potential changes to, SSI benefits. What happens if you’re over the limit? There are many factors to consider, such as whether your income was earned or not, and if your state supplements your SSI benefits.
Generally speaking, your benefits will be gradually reduced, and eventually terminated, if your income breaches the limits, according to Ehlert.
After $85 in monthly income ($65 in earnings, and $20 of any type of income), the SSA will reduce benefits by one-half of earnings for the month. “For beneficiaries, the first $85 in monthly income is free in the eyes of the SSA,” Ehlert says, “but after that, half is taken away from their SSI check.” Benefits will likely be terminated if a beneficiary’s income exceeds $1,913 per month in 2023.
Not all of your income counts toward the SSI limit. For instance, when the SSA determines your eligibility, it does not count the first $65 earned from working, and one-half of earnings over that amount earned in a given month. You should contact the SSA to learn more, but there are other stipulations to the income limit beneficiaries should understand.
How To Use ABLE Accounts as a Workaround
Both Haddad and Ehlert point to ABLE accounts as a potential way for beneficiaries to work around the income and asset limits for SSI benefits. ABLE accounts were created under the same part of the tax code as 529 plans.
Beneficiaries who do find themselves with extra funds—which may put them over either the asset or income limit—can stash those funds in an ABLE account where they won’t be counted until the account contains more than $100,000.
“ABLE accounts are very similar to 529 plans, and up to $16,000 per year can go into those accounts,” says Ehlert. “And family members and friends can also make contributions.”
Special Needs Trusts and SSI Eligibility
An individual may have a special needs trust (also called a supplemental needs trust), which is designed to hold assets for a disabled person while preserving their eligibility for government benefits, like SSI payments.
These trusts help cover expenses beyond what SSI or other government benefits may provide for. But the assets contained in them don’t count toward an income or asset limit as long as the money is spent on qualifying expenses.
Special needs trusts have some characteristics in common with ABLE accounts, but a key difference is that they’re designed to complement or supplement government benefit programs.
Like ABLE accounts, distributions should benefit the beneficiary and cover items or services that SSI benefits do not provide.
Can I Get SSI Benefits for My Disabled Child?
If you want to get benefits for a disabled child, the same eligibility rules (income and asset limits) apply to the child’s parents, up until the child turns 18. “At 18, if the child has a disability, they become eligible on their own,” says Haddad. The child will then need to go through a process of proving that they are unable to work (a process that can take many months) and thus need SSI benefits to cover their living expenses.
Will My State Supplement My SSI Benefits?
Most states supplement federal SSI payments. The only states that do not are Arizona, Arkansas, Mississippi, North Dakota, Tennessee, and West Virginia, along with the Northern Mariana Islands. Some states pay and administer their own supplement payments as well. Beneficiaries will need to contact their states to get more information regarding the size and scope of their SSI supplemental payments.
What Income Is SSI Based On?
The income that SSI is based on is divided into two categories: earned and unearned. Earned income is wages, net earnings from self-employment, royalties and honoraria, and money from sheltered workshops. Unearned income includes Social Security benefits, workers’ compensation, veterans’ compensation or pension, unemployment, pensions, support and maintenance in kind, annuities, rent, and more.
The Bottom Line
There is both an income and asset limit for beneficiaries of SSI. If you meet or exceed either of these limits, your SSI payments may be affected.
The income limit for an individual is $1,913 in 2023. The limit for a couple is $2,827. The 2023 and 2024 asset limits for individuals and couples are $2,000 and $3,000, respectively.
If beneficiaries breach these limits, their benefits will be reduced by the SSA and potentially terminated. But beneficiaries can use ABLE accounts as a potential workaround of limits (if their ABLE account contains less than $100,000).